American Economic Review
ISSN 0002-8282 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7981 (Online)
The Catch-22 of External Validity in the Context of Constraints to Firm Growth
American Economic Review
(pp. 295–99)
Abstract
We document the presence of multiple and varied constraints to small and medium firm growth. This presents both a practical problem for business training programs and a challenge to academic economists trying to identify mechanisms though which these programs may affect outcomes. External validity needs theory. This pushes researchers to narrowly defined and highly selected sample frames, which limits the potential for clear, generalizable policy prescriptions. Ultimately, larger samples, multi-arm evaluations, process documentation, and narrowly-focused, theory-supported empirical work are all needed, but the complexity of the problem limits what we learn from any single study.Citation
Fischer, Greg, and Dean Karlan. 2015. "The Catch-22 of External Validity in the Context of Constraints to Firm Growth." American Economic Review 105 (5): 295–99. DOI: 10.1257/aer.p20151078Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- D21 Firm Behavior: Theory
- L25 Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope