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  5. Monotonicity among Judges: Evidence from Judicial Panels and Consequences for Judge IV Designs

American Economic Review

ISSN 0002-8282 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7981 (Online)

Monotonicity among Judges: Evidence from Judicial Panels and Consequences for Judge IV Designs

  • Henrik Sigstad
American Economic Review (Forthcoming)

Abstract

Judge IV designs rely on monotonicity—each judge being weakly stricter than more lenient judges in all cases. I measure monotonicity in judicial panels in five different settings and find that it is violated in up to fifty percent of non-unanimous cases. The monotonicity violations are not detected by conventional tests. But they would typically induce little bias in judge IV estimates.

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